[Significance of argyrophilic proteins of the nucleolar organizer region in differentiation of benign and malignant growth of thyroid epithelial tumors]. / Znachenie argirofil'nykh belkov oblasti iadryshkovykh organizatorov v razgranichenii dobrokachestvennogo i zlokachestvennogo rosta épitelial'nykh opukholei shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Argyrophilic proteins of nucleolar organizers (NO) were measured in 47 benign (24 follicular and 8 atypical adenomas) and malignant (8 papillary and 7 follicular carcinomas) tumors. The content of argyrophilic NO proteins was significantly higher in malignant cells. The proportion of cells with at least 5 silver grains per cell was 16.8 and 22.8% in follicular and papillary carcinoma, respectively, and 3.2 and 12% in follicular and atypical adenoma, respectively. These data can be used as accessory signs in differential diagnosis.

[A case of Oberling's retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma in pilot]. / Sluchai zabriushinnoi ksantogranulemy Oberlinga u letchika.

A rare case of retroperitoneal mass identified in the pilot, aged 48, is described. There has been noted the complexity of differential diagnosis between the benign and malignant process associated with the given type of tumor which led to some problems when making an expert decision. The tumor was found to be non-removable, however, considering the good clinical state of the pilot, he was permitted of flying activity which he continues to perform successfully more than 10 years. The pilot state remains good which confirms the benign character of the process. The observation is of great interest both clinically and from the flight-surgeon's appraisal standpoint.

[The characteristics of prostaglandin E synthesis in epithelial ovarian tumors]. / Osobennosti sinteza prostaglandinov serii E v épitelial'nykh opukholiakh iaichnikov.

Comparative investigation of prostaglandin E (PGE) levels in primary malignant and benign epithelial tumors, metastases, and normal tissue of the ovaries has revealed more significant variations in PGE levels in malignant tumors than in benign ones. PGE content was reliably higher in adenocarcinomas as against benign tumors and normal ovarian tissue. No noticeable differences in PGE levels of benign tumors and normal tissue were revealed. The possibility of using arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase metabolism blockers in therapy of ovarian carcinoma, besides the common methods of treatment, is discussed.

[Prognostic significance of the reaction of regional lymph nodes and lymphoid-cellular infiltration of the tumor in laryngeal cancer]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie reaktsii regionarnykh limfaticheskikh uzlov i limfoidno-kletochnoi infil'tratsii opukholi pri rake gortani.

The immune response of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes was studied morphologically in 239 patients with vestibular cancer of the larynx. Marked infiltration of the stroma developed in 48, mild response or its absence were recorded in 97 patients. The difference in 5-year survival was significant (84 versus 62%). Out of 117 patients examined for B-dependent cortical and T-dependent paracortical response of the lymph nodes, 5-year survival in hyperplasia of the zones appeared to be 67%, in the absence of hyperplasia 42% and 44%, respectively. The difference is significant. The responses were essential for prognostication of the patient' survival.

[Flow cytometry in the evaluation of the prognosis and course of malignant soft-tissue tumors]. / Protochnaia tsitometriia v otsenke prognoza i techeniia zlokachestvennykh opukholei miagkikh tkanei.

Investigation of DNA content by flow cytometry method (determination of ploidy and cell proliferation activity) carried out in 45 patients with malignant and 19 patients with benign tumours revealed diploid distribution of DNA in 18 cases and aneuploid in one case of benign tumours. DNA distribution in malignant tumours was diploid in 23 cases (51.1%) and aneuploid in 22 regardless of histological variant of the tumour. Diploid cells were always present in the aneuploid tumours and their number was higher in primary tumours than in recurrent tumours (only tumour cells were found in the cytological control smears). No full correlation is observed between indices of cell proliferation activity obtained by morphological and cytometric methods. Ploidy and proliferation activity (number of cells in S-phase of cell cycle) are prognostic criteria of the survival and duration of disease without recurrence.

[Dependence of survival of patients with laryngeal cancer on several clinical and morphological factors characterizing regional metastases]. / Zavisimost' vyzhivaemosti bol'nykh rakom gortani ot nekotorykh klinicheskikh i morfologicheskikh faktorov, kharakterizuiushchikh regionarnye metastazy.

The frequency of regional metastases as a function of tumor localization in the larynx was identified. The prognostic relevance of various clinical parameters characterizing regional metastases in the vestibular compartment of the larynx was evaluated. The factors that affected the survival rate to the greatest extent were found to be: size and number of regional metastases, their displacement relative to the adjacent anatomical structures, development of contralateral and bilateral metastases, neoformations in the nodes of the lower third of the neck. It was demonstrated that the symbol N was well correlated with the survival rate. The prognostic relevance of lymph node lesions (N+R+) and lymph vessel embolism (N+E+) was ascertained for the first time in the Soviet literature. Both parameters were found to exert a significant effect on the survival rate. The occurrence of one of the morphological parameters dictates the necessity of post-operative radiotherapy of the neck region.

[The results of the conservative treatment of patients with small-cell lung cancer]. / Rezul'taty konservativnogo lecheniia bol'nykh melkokletochnym rakom legkogo.

The results of conservative treatment of 246 cases of small-cell cancer of the lung at The All-Union Center for Oncology Research of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1974-1982) are discussed. Survival for two years was registered in 45 cases (18%), 2.5 years--10% and three years--in 7%. Twelve survivors (5%) have had a 5-13-year tumor-free interval and are considered cured. Five--year survival and more was observed only in patients with localized tumors who had received both combination chemotherapy and chemoradiation treatment. Prophylactic irradiation of the brain did not improve 2- or 5-year survival. The evidence on the role of chemotherapeutic support remains inconclusive. A second malignancy was detected in 2 of 45 patients 3 and 5 years after complete remission.

[Carcinoid of the testis]. / Kartsinoid iaichka.

Carcinoid of the testis in a male of 37 is described. Prolonged existence of the tumour, its big size and presence of tumour cells in vessels characterize this tumour as malignant. Electron-microscopically polymorphic, varying in size dense granules of a neuro-secretory type, typical for the EC-cells are observed.

[All-Union registry data on long-term surviving patients with small cell lung cancer]. / Dannye Vsesoiuznogo registra dolgozhivushchikh bol'nykh melkokletochnym rakom legkogo.

Data borrowed from the All-Union Cancer Register on 42 small cell lung cancer survivors over 2.5 years are presented. The average age of patients was 56 years; the male/female ratio was 6:1. Seventeen patients survived over 5 years.

[Neurinoma with peritoneal dissemination]. / Nevrinoma s disseminatsiei po briushine.

A rare observation cellular neurinoma in a female of 62 is described, with a primary site of tumour in the mesenterium of the small bowel, recurrence of the disease 4 years after and peritoneal dissemination. In all nodes the tumour consisted of monomorphic cells forming twisting and palisade-like structures, few mitotic figures were seen. There were no signs of cell polymorphism. Electron microscopic examination revealed a cell structure characteristic of neurinoma' multiple complex cell processes containing single organelles, accumulations of microfilaments, collagen with a high periodicity (Luse-type bodies) as well as annular lamellar structures.

[Epithelial dysplasia of the bronchi and lung cancer]. / Displaziia épiteliia bronkhov i rak legkogo.

Epithelium alterations such as hyperplasia of goblet and basal cells, transitional-cell and/or squamous-cell metaplasia with cell polymorphism, disturbance of stratification are revealed in the bronchial biopsies and bronchi of the lungs surgically removed for cancer; these alterations are interpreted as dysplasia of bronchial epithelium. The foci of intra-epithelial carcinoma were also found. Dysplastic changes of bronchial epithelium should be regarded as a factor increasing the risk of lung cancer.

[Trophoblastic disease]. / Trofoblasticheskaia bolezn'.

Historical review and modern concepts are given on trophoblastic disease which includes hydatidiform mole (HM), invasive HM, destructive chorioadenoma, chorionepithelioma and syncytial endometritis.

[Pathology of mitosis in clinical oncomorphology]. / Issledovanie patologii mitoza v klinicheskoi onkomorfologii.

The results of studies of the mitosis pathology performed for many years on the material of tumour biopsies are summarized. It is shown that the determination of the tissue mitotic regimen is a theoretically founded method of cytological analysis that gives the pathologist a possibility for a more objective morphological diagnostics of pretumourous conditions and malignant tumours. The availability of this method makes it possible to recommend its wide use in the clinical oncomorphology provided the conditions assuring the minimal alteration of dividing cells (early fixation and cutting of the material) are strictly respected.

[Pathomorphosis of tumors (proceedings)]. / Patomorfoz opukholei.

The results of morphologicl examinations of some soft tissue sarcomas, osteogenic sarcoma, and lymphogranulomatosis after radiation therapy are presented. Morphological changes developing after radiation and drug therapy of tumors are similar, only the extent of their intensity, vascular reaction, and changes in the adjacent tissues are different. Five cases of acute leukemia developing in patients with lymphogranulomatosis in the presence of long-term cytostatic therapy are described.

[Histogenesis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans]. / O gistogeneze vybukhaiushchei dermatofibrosarkomy.

In order to specify the histogenetic appurtenance of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance, the ultrastructure of cells from three tumors was studied. The similarity between the ultrastructure of the tumor cells and normal fibroblasts suggests the fibroblastic origin of the tumor.

[Desmoid tumors and their mitotic system (morphological diagnosis and problems of prognosis)]. / Desmoidnye opukholi i ikh mitoticheskii rezhim (morfologicheskaia diagnostika i voprosy prognozirovaniia)

Results of histological studies of desmoid tumours of various localisation and determination of their mitotic regimen are presented. the mitotic regimen of nonrelapsing desmoids is characterized by an extremely low mitotic index (on the average 0.9 mitosis per 1000 cells), a normal ratio of phases of mitosis and by the presence of only individual pathological mitoses. In the group of relapsing desmoids the mitotic index on the average is 2.4%; the analysis of the percentage ratio of mitosis phases reveals predominance of metaphases, the frequency of pathological mitoses being increased. These changes apparently reflect the trend of these tumours towards the unlimited growth, which is confirmed by their clinical course.